Spelljammer Wiki
Advertisement
Spelljammer Wiki
Spelljammer Wiki
1,884
pages
in: Player character races, LotV canon, CGR1 canon,
and 15 more

Elf

Sign in to edit

Elven envoy
Elven envoy

Elves are a major[1] spacefaring race in the Spelljammer campaign setting,[2] and can be selected as a player character race.[3]

"Law before chaos. Patronage before law. Elven honor before all else.
This is how it must be to keep peace in the skies."
- Lord Airenfir[4]

Overview[]

Elven communities, both groundling and spaceborn, can be found throughout the Known Spheres, and most are linked through their affiliation with a monolithic spacefaring organization known as the Elven Imperial Navy (also known as the Imperial Fleet). The Imperial Fleet seeks to promote, as well as protect, elven interests throughout the universe, actively engaging with larger elven nations while adopting a more paternalistic attitude towards smaller elven communities scattered across wildspace who are forced to share their territories with other humanoids, especially humans.

The Imperial Fleet, militaristic in nature and highly organized, is commanded by a Council of Admirals, headed by a Grand Admiral. These leaders, considered elders even by elven standards, command the Fleet from a hidden base known only as "Lionheart": its location is kept top secret and is changed every few years to prevent surprise attacks.

The Council of Admirals recognizes the sovereignty of the various elven kings, queens, and princes from over fifty planets within their purview. Technically, an order from one of these heads-of-state should be enough to mobilize local elven naval forces. However, the Council is fully aware of the dangers of interfering in groundling politics, and as long as the orders reflect a dire need in self defence, the Council is quite happy to deploy available forces. In all other cases, however, the orders may become "lost" or the local forces will be wrapped up in some other matter. Terrestrial elven rulers have learned over the years not to become overly dependent on the Imperial Fleet.

The Imperial Fleet maintains a number of embassies in most major non-elven settlements, which serve as a hub for local elven activities, As with most bureaucracies, these embassies tend to be inefficient, a matter made worse by the fact that most elven bureaucrats consider humans to be a waste of time. Fleet representatives make it a point to keep their contact with groundlings (especially humans) to a minimum. They are particularly invested in keeping all elven spelljamming technology, especially helms, out of non-elven hands, and would rather destroy an elven ship rather than see it taken over by non-elves.

Despite losses taken during the Second Unhuman War, the Imperial Fleet still has the largest organised Fleet in most spheres, making them one of the most powerful organisations in space. As a result Fleet representatives tend to be pushy and overly presumptuous when dealing with others. Elven forces have a tendency to stick their noses in areas where they are neither wanted or needed. Directing them (politely) to mind their own business may result in an apology and withdrawal, or in a sky full of men-o-war.[2]

Not all elven communities welcome the Imperial Fleet's meddling and overly paternalistic attitude. Many of the smaller colony worlds, such as Spiral, Numeliador, or Minial's Arch, have been settled by renegade Fleet officers, some who may have been cashiered for disobeying orders or for causing trouble, and as such refuse all contact with the Imperial Fleet: sometimes to their detriment.[5]

Description[]

Elves tend to be somewhat shorter and slimmer than humans, and though they appear fragile, as a race they are quick and strong. Their features are finely chiseled and delicate, and they speak in melodic tones. Elves tend to have very pale complexions, which is odd because they spend a great deal of time outdoors. Elves often live to be over 1,200 years old, though long before this time they will feel compelled to depart the realms of mortals. Where they go is uncertain, but it is an undeniable urge of their race. Elven clothing tends to be colorful, but not garish, and they often wear pastel colors, especially blues and greens.

Elves speak their own highly-developed language as well as the common trade tongue. In addition, they have learnt the importance of understanding both their allies as well as their enemies, and may speak the tongues of goblins, orcs, hobgoblins, gnolls, gnomes, and halflings. They always show an interest in anything that will allow them to communicate with, and learn from, their neighbors.[6][3]

Personality[]

The elven pirate Tal Gilgalad and his human companion Lara Mooncrow
The elven pirate Tal Gilgalad and his human companion Lara Mooncrow

Because elves live for several hundred years, their view of the world is radically different from most other sentient beings. Elves do not place much importance on short-term gains nor do they hurry to finish projects. Humans see this attitude as frivolous; the elves simply find it hard to understand why everyone else is always in such a rush.

Elves prefer to surround themselves with things that will bring them joy over long periods of time – things like music and nature. They tend to concern themselves with natural beauty, dancing and frolicking, playing and singing, unless necessity dictates otherwise. The company of their own kind is also very important to them, since they find it hard to share their experiences or their perspectives on the universe with other races. This is one of the main reasons why elven families are so close. Even though elves tend toward haughtiness and arrogance at times, they regard their friends and associates as equals. They do not make friends easily, but a friend (or enemy) is never forgotten.

Though they are immune to a few specific spells, elves are captivated by the very concept of magic. An elf's interest can be far more likely gained by offering them an obscure, even worthless, (but interesting) magical item, than it is with two sacks of gold. Ultimately, their radically different perspective separates elves from the rest of their world. Elves find dwarves too dour and their adherence to strict codes of law unpleasant. However, elves do recognize dwarven craftsmanship as something to be praised. Elves think a bit more highly of humans, though they see their lust for wealth and fleeting power as sad. In the end, after a few hundred years, all elves leave the world they share with dwarves and men, and journey to a mysterious land where they live freely for the rest of their extremely long lives.[6][3]

Combat[]

Elves are cautious fighters and always use their strengths to their best advantage if possible. One of their greatest strengths is the ability to pass through natural surroundings, woods, or forests, silently and almost invisibly. By moving quietly and blending into vegetation for cover, elves will often surprise a quarry or opposing party. As long as they are not attacking, the elves hiding in the forest can only be spotted by creatures with the ability to see invisible objects. The military value of this skill is immense, and elven armies will always send scouts to spy on the enemy, since they are rarely caught – or even seen.

Although they are relatively less robust than humans, elves are extremely strong willed, to the point that they are incredibly resistant to charm and sleep spells, making it unlikely that an elf will fall victim to these spells very often. They also posses darkvision, allowing them to see in the dark up to 60 feet.

Elves thrive in the wild, so weapons are typically used for everything, from dealing with hostile creatures to hunting for food. Their rigorous training with bows and swords, in addition to their great dexterity, gives them a natural advantage when fighting with a short or long sword, or when using a bow of any kind, other than a crossbow. Elves are especially proficient in the use of the bow, and because of their natural agility, they can move, fire a bow, and move again, all in the same movement. This makes elven archers remarkably efficient and incredibly dangerous.

Elves prefer to fight as infantry and are generally armed as such. Although they are skilled n the use of bows and swords, their bands will carry a variety of weapons, including spears, short swords, long swords, two-handed swords and bows. Most elves wear scale, ring, or chain mail, and most carry shields. Elven women are the equal of their male counterparts in all aspects of warfare. In fact, some communities will field entire units of female fighters mounted on unicorns. Though rare, legends concerning the destruction wrought by these elven women are rampant among the enemies of the elves.[3]

Society[]

Elven Imperial Fleet officer
Elven Imperial Fleet officer

Terrestrial elves value their individual freedom highly and as such their social structures are based on small independent groups, usually consisting of no more than 200 individuals, who recognize the authority of a royal overlord, who in turn owes allegiance to a king or queen. However, the laws and restraints placed upon groundling elven society are very few compared to human society and practically negligible when compared to dwarven society.[3]

Spacefaring elven society is far more mobile, and a great deal more regulated, under the auspices of the Council of Admirals of the Imperial Fleet. At the very heart of the Imperial Fleet, and the means through which they maintain communication between disparate elven communities, are an uncountable multitude of ships, ranging in size from the enormous armadas, through the men-o-war, to the small personal flitters.

Spheres with sizeable elven populations will be patrolled by a local Fleet under the command of an Admiral. In less important spheres (i.e. those with little or no native elven populations), a single ship under the command of a captain will suffice to maintain the "elven presence" in the system. The Imperial Fleet attempts to maintain regular contact (on an annual basis or so) with all major elven nations, spaceborn or terrestrial. Most groundling nations affiliated with the Imperial Fleet retain the services of a Court Astrologer, who is often charged with serving as an ambassador to the Council of Admirals, speaking on behalf of their nation.

In the Known Spheres, only the island nation of Evermeet on Toril maintains regular contact with the Imperial Fleet. This small cluster of islands even served as a major base during the Unhuman Wars, and currently serves as the Fleet headquarters for Realmspace.[7] In Krynnspace, the Imperial Fleet maintained covert contact with the elven nations of Qualinesti and Silvanesti; however, since the destruction of their nation, the Silvanesti have become insular and withdrawn.[8] In Greyspace the Imperial Fleet finds it easier to maintain a presence near the hospitable outer worlds of the sphere, including Greela and the Spectre, due to the spherical asteroid field known as the Grinder, which makes it difficult for ships to travel directly to Oerth, the primary of the sphere. Only the elven Kingdom of Celene maintains an ambassador to the Fleet, and even this is primarily a courtesy appointment.[9]

Despite the sheer number of vessels available to the Imperial Fleet, the size of the territory that they are attempting to patrol is enormous, and numerous elven ships disappear every year without trace, However, the Council of Admirals are unwilling to commit resources to finding these vessels, and instead are quite willing to ignore some losses, instead choosing to list these vessels as "overdue" as opposed to being lost.

The Imperial Fleet maintains its own bases and outposts, usually on isolated asteroids or on custom-built space stations, such as the Crown of Corellon[10][11] or the Karpri space station.[12][13] Such space stations are usually built by linking old obsolete armada-style ships together, and allowing their wings to overgrow and fuse into a thick defensive battlement. The ship's are pulled into a circular shape, stern to stern, so that they share a common gravity plane with their weapons pointing outwards into wildspace. Appearing as a ring of butterflies linked at the wings, these living ships are cultivated, with the crops providing both food and air for the community. Such "rings" are usually kept hidden from outsiders and usually serve as the nerve centre for major Fleet activities.[2]

Types of elves[]

There are five branches of the elven race; aquatic elves, gray elves, high elves, wood elves, and dark elves. To outsiders, the differences between them are mostly cosmetic, but most elves maintain that there are important cultural differences between the various groups. Aquatic elves spend their lives beneath the waves and have adapted to these conditions. Gray elves are considered the most noble and serious-minded, while High elves are the most common. Wood elves are considered to be wild, temperamental, and savage. All consider the subterranean dark elves to be corrupt and evil, and no longer part of the elven community.[6][3]

Gray elf[]

Grey elves are the rarest of elves, and have little to do with the world outside their communities. They value intelligence very highly, and, unlike other elves, devote much of their time to study and contemplation. They value their independence from what they see as the corrupting influence of the outside world, and will fight fiercely to maintain their isolation. Grey elves either have silver hair and amber eyes, or pale golden hair and violet eyes (known as faerie elves). They favor bright garments of white, gold, silver, or yellow, and wear cloaks of deep blue or purple. All grey elven warriors carry swords, and most wear chain mail and carry shields.[3]

High elf[]

High elves are the most commonly encountered elves, and are somewhat shorter than humans. They never grow much taller than 5 feet, and males typically weigh between 90 and 120 pounds, while females weigh between 70 and 100 pounds. Most high elves are dark-haired with finely chiseled features, and their eyes are a beautiful, deep shade of green. Because they often live in forests, high elves often wear greenish grey cloaks, providing them with quick camouflage.[3]

Wood elf[]

Wood elves, also known as sylvan elves, are the most rustic branch of the elven family. Wood elves value strength over intelligence and are very independent, and often prefer to avoid contact with strangers most of the time. They are slightly darker in complexion than high elves, their hair ranges in color from yellow to coppery-red, and their eyes are light brown, light green, or hazel. They wear clothes of dark browns and greens, tans and russets, to blend in with their surroundings.

In battle, wood elves wear studded leather or ring mail, and most will be equipped with spears and bows, with only a small number carrying swords. Wood elves prefer to ambush their enemies, hiding in the forest until their foes are close at hand. Wood elves typically only speak the elven tongue, as well as the languages of some of the forest creatures and that of treants. Wood elves are more inclined toward neutrality than good, and are not above killing intruders who stumble across their camps, in order to keep their locations secret.[3]

Half-elf[]

Half-elves are of mixed elven and human stock, and have features inherited from both parents. They are slightly taller than common elves, reaching 5 1/2 feet tall, and weighing up to 150 pounds. While they do not possess their elven kin's natural affinity for bows and swords, half-elves have inherited their ability to see in the dark. A half-elf can travel freely between most elven and human settlements, though occasionally prejudice will be a problem. The half-elf’s life span is their biggest source of grief, however. Since a half-elf lives more than 125 years, they will outlive any human friends or relatives, but grow old too quickly to be a real part of elven society. Many half-elves deal with this by traveling between the two societies, enjoying life as it comes; the best of both worlds. Half-elves typically speak the common tongue, as well as elven, gnomish, halfling, goblin, orcish, and gnoll tongues.[3]

Sea elf[]

Aquatic elves, also known as sea elves, live beneath the crashing waves near wild coastlines. They can live for many centuries though they show little sign of aging. They have gill slits on either side of their throats, and greenish-silver skin. Their hair is usually stringy, and emerald green to deep blue in color. Males usually wear their hair short, but females allow their hair to reach as much as 4 feet in length. Unlike merfolk, aquatic elves have legs and usually wear clothes woven from underwater plants and reeds, which can be quite intricate, and most often feature greens, blacks, and browns woven into subtle, swirling designs. Sea elves speak the elven tongue, as well as Sahuagin, and an oddly accented common.[14]

Due to their physical limitation (i.e. water breathing), sea elves hardly ever concern themselves with travelling into wildspace, though there is no reason why a ship's atmospheric envelope couldn't be filled with water instead of air. In fact, the Imperial Fleet even helped establish a colony of aquatic elves on Karpri in Realmspace over a 140 years ago, transporting sea elven colonists from their homes in the Trackless Sea on Toril.[15] However, the various sea elven communities appear to have very little interest in the universe above them, and as such are treated as junior partners by the spacefaring elven community.[2]

Dark elf[]

Drow are dark hearted elves who abandoned the surface of their respective homeworlds ages ago and took to inhabiting a subterranean world of dark caverns and winding tunnels hidden far beneath the earth.[16] Contrary to conventional belief, the drow do have a presence in wildspace, and have been sighted with increasing frequency over the past few decades. The drow (or void elves as they refer to themselves) are organized into independent confederations known as "nations" - groups of varying size based around a single matriarchal clan.

Each spacefaring drow nation typically has its own goals and agenda, and while these sometimes align, more often they are completely independent of each other, and even occasionally work at cross purposes. Most nations have fairly limited goals: to set up an isolated outpost in a small crystal sphere or to grow in size and power until their fleet dominates local space. The only commonality between nations is the near universal desire to destroy the Elven Imperial Fleet and to spread the influence of their goddess Lolth throughout wildspace.[17][18]

Notable Elves[]

Signature Spelljammers[]

The Elven Imperial Navy almost exclusively uses crystalline ships grown to their own specifications, including the flitter, the man-o-war, and the mighty armada, as well as specialized designs such as the radiant ship.[52] However, since there are never enough ships to meet all their needs, elven Fleets have taken to employing designs that are deemed "acceptable", including the hammership[53] and the swanship.[54] Certain independent elven nations use their own unique designs, such as the doombat,[55] while the island nation of Evermeet maintains its own fleet of man-o-war inspired vessels known as the ruathimaer (or "starwings").[56]

Appendix[]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ The source text spells the Queen's name as Amlauril: however, the Elves of Evermeet source book spells her name as Amlaruil, which, as a primary source, is believed to be correct.

External Links[]

References[]

  1. ↑ Jeff Grubb. AD&D Adventures in Space; Lorebook of the Void, TSR, Inc., 1989, Major and Minor Races side bar (pp.50, 52 and 54)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Jeff Grubb. AD&D Adventures in Space; Lorebook of the Void, TSR, Inc., 1989, The Elven Armadas section, chapter 3: Spacefarers (pp.55–56)
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Tim Beach et al, Monstrous Manual, 1993, (TSR Inc.), Elf entry, pages 108-109
  4. ↑ Bruce Nesmith, SJS1 Goblins' Return, 1991, (TSR Inc.), sidebar, page 16
  5. ↑ Roger E. Moore, The Cloakmaster Cycle, The Maelstrom's Eye, 1992, (TSR Inc.), page 106
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 David "Zeb" Cook, Player's Handbook 2nd edition (revised), 1989, 1995, (TSR Inc.), ISBN: 0-7869-0329-5, Elves section, chapter 2: PC Races, page 28-29
  7. ↑ Curtis M. Scott, CGR1 The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 1: Groundlings in Space, page 12
  8. ↑ Curtis M. Scott, CGR1 The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 1: Groundlings in Space, pages 10-11
  9. ↑ Curtis M. Scott, CGR1 The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 1: Groundlings in Space, pages 9-10
  10. ↑ Nicky Rea, Wes Nicholson, SJR8 Space Lairs, 1993, (TSR Inc.), Base of Woes chapter, pages 51-63
  11. ↑ Nicky Rea, Wes Nicholson, SJR8 Space Lairs, 1993, (TSR Inc.), ISBN: 1-56076-609-3, Crown of Corellon deck plans, inside cover
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Dale "Slade" Henson, War Captain's Companion, War Captain's Guide, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 3: Spacefleets of the Void, pages 19-20
  13. ↑ Dale "Slade" Henson, SJR2 Realmspace, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Satellite Features section, Karpri chapter, pages 34-35
  14. ↑ Tim Beach et al, Monstrous Manual, 1993, (TSR Inc.), Elf, Aquatic entry, page 110
  15. ↑ Dale "Slade" Henson, SJR2 Realmspace, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Satellite Features section, Karpri chapter, page 34
  16. ↑ Tim Beach et al, Monstrous Manual, 1993, (TSR Inc.), Elf, Drow entry, pages 112-113
  17. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJA2 Skull & Crossbows, 1990, (TSR Inc.), Drow in Space section, page 34
  18. ↑ Steve Kurtz, "An Artist's Errand", Dungeon Magazine issue 45, January/February 1994, (TSR Inc.), Dark Elves in Space section, pages 11-12
  19. ↑ Bruce Nesmith, SJS1 Goblins' Return, 1991, (TSR Inc.), chapter 2: Events on Gamaro Base, page 16
  20. ↑ Dale "Slade" Henson, SJR2 Realmspace, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Important NPCs section, Toril chapter, page 28
  21. ↑ Elaine Cunningham, The Cloakmaster Cycle, The Radiant Dragon, 1992, (TSR Inc.), pages 121-130
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Nigel D. Findley, SJA2 Skull & Crossbows, 1990, (TSR Inc.), Fire and Ice, chapter 1: Pirates & Corsairs, pages 17-18
  23. ↑ Richard Baker, SJR5 Rock of Bral, 1992, (TSR Inc), Part 2: A House Divided, page 28
  24. ↑ Richard Baker, SJR5 Rock of Bral, 1992, (TSR Inc), Part 2: A House Divided, page 30
  25. ↑ Roger E. Moore, The Cloakmaster Cycle, The Maelstrom's Eye, 1992, (TSR Inc.), pages 36-41 (first appearance)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Dale "Slade" Henson, War Captain's Companion, War Captain's Guide, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 4: Shipbuilding Companies, page 55
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Dale "Slade" Henson, SJR2 Realmspace, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Spacefaring Companies in the Stars chapter, page 59
  28. ↑ Richard Baker, SJR5 Rock of Bral, 1992, (TSR Inc), The Noble Council section, page 25
  29. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJR6 Greyspace, 1992, (TSR Inc.), Spacefaring Companies chapter, page 78
  30. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJA2 Skull & Crossbows, 1990, (TSR Inc.), Flying Colors, chapter 1: Pirates & Corsairs, pages 6-9
  31. ↑ Jeff Grubb, The Legend of Spelljammer, Captains and Ships, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Personalities of the Spelljammer, pages 49-50
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Dale "Slade" Henson, War Captain's Companion, War Captain's Guide, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 3: Spacefleets of the Void, page 20
  33. ↑ Rick Swan, SJQ1 Heart of the Enemy, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 1: Kora, Iki, and Tolivin, pages 11-12
  34. ↑ Sam Witt, The Astromundi Cluster, The Celestial Almanac, 1993, (TSR Inc.), The Almanac chapter, page 20
  35. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJR6 Greyspace, 1992, (TSR Inc.), Important NPCs section, Greela chapter, page 65
  36. ↑ Nigel Findley, SJR4 Practical Planetology, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Guide to the Groundlings section, chapter 2 Earth Bodies, page 11
  37. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, The Cloakmaster Cycle, Into the Void, 1991, (TSR Inc.), pages 52-53 (first appearance)
  38. ↑ Elaine Cunningham, The Cloakmaster Cycle, The Radiant Dragon, 1992, (TSR Inc.), pages 23-24
  39. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJA2 Skull & Crossbows, 1990, (TSR Inc.), Parasite!, chapter 4: Monsters of the Void, pages 54-57
  40. ↑ Roger E. Moore, The Cloakmaster Cycle, The Maelstrom's Eye, 1992, (TSR Inc.), pages 104-111 (first appearance)
  41. ↑ Rick Swan, SJQ1 Heart of the Enemy, 1992, (TSR Inc.), Selected NPCs section, Appendix, page 88
  42. ↑ Richard Baker, SJR5 Rock of Bral, 1992, (TSR Inc), Part 3: A City Among the Stars, page 71
  43. ↑ Richard Baker, SJR5 Rock of Bral, 1992, (TSR Inc), Part 2: A House Divided, page 29
  44. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJA2 Skull & Crossbows, 1990, (TSR Inc.), The Brain Trade, chapter 3: Spacefaring Races, page 31
  45. ↑ Curtis M. Scott, CGR1 The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook, 1992, (TSR Inc.), The Sindiath Line section, chapter 7: Spacefaring Organizations, pages 90-91
  46. ↑ Jeff Grubb, The Legend of Spelljammer, Captains and Ships, 1991, (TSR Inc.), Personalities of the Spelljammer, pages 67-68
  47. ↑ Nigel D. Findley, SJR6 Greyspace, 1992, (TSR Inc.), Adventuring Ideas chapter, page 82
  48. ↑ Richard Baker, SJR5 Rock of Bral, 1992, (TSR Inc), Part 3: A City Among the Stars, page 73
  49. ↑ Grant Boucher, SJA4 Under The Dark Fist, 1991, (TSR Inc.), chapter 2: Strange Bedfellows, page 12
  50. ↑ Rick Swan, SJQ1 Heart of the Enemy, 1992, (TSR Inc.), chapter 1: Kora, Iki, and Tolivin, pages 13-15
  51. ↑ Elaine Cunningham, The Cloakmaster Cycle, The Radiant Dragon, 1992, (TSR Inc.), pages 25-28
  52. ↑ Dale "Slade" Henson, War Captain's Companion, Ship Recognition Manual, 1992, (TSR Inc.), Ships of the Spelljammer Universe, page 39
  53. ↑ Jeff Grubb. AD&D Adventures in Space; Lorebook of the Void, TSR, Inc., 1989, chapter 2: Spelljammers (p.39)
  54. ↑ Ed Greenwood, SJR1 Lost Ships, 1990, (TSR Inc.), Ship Catalog chapter, page 66
  55. ↑ Sam Witt, The Astromundi Cluster, The Astrogator's Guide, 1993, (TSR Inc.), Ships and Equipment chapter, page 26
  56. ↑ Anthony Pryor, Elves of Evermeet, 1994, (TSR Inc.), ISBN: 1-56076-829-0, Aerial Navy section, chapter 5: Evermeet's Defenders, page 87
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
Advertisement